Acetic Acid

Acetic acid is a weak organic acid produced through bacterial fermentation of ethanol, most commonly recognized as the active component in vinegar. In cosmetic formulations, it serves as an effective pH adjuster to bring products into the acidic range that supports skin barrier function, while also providing mild antimicrobial properties. Formulators value its GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) status, excellent biodegradability, and ability to enhance the efficacy of preservative systems, though it must be carefully buffered in leave-on products due to its low pH and characteristic vinegar odor at higher concentrations.