INCI Name
Citric Acid, Aqua
Functions
3 Roles
Sustainability
9/10
Category
ph adjusters
What It Does
Citric Acid, Aqua is a 20% aqueous solution of citric acid, a naturally occurring alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) produced through fermentation of carbohydrate sources. This pre-diluted format offers formulators precise pH control and chelating capabilities without the handling challenges of anhydrous citric acid crystals, making it particularly valuable for adjusting pH in water-based formulations while simultaneously binding metal ions that could destabilize products. The aqueous solution form ensures easier dispersion and more consistent results in cold-process formulations compared to dissolving crystalline citric acid.
Technical Properties
pH Range
2.0-3.0
Optimal working range
Ionic Charge
anionic
Molecular charge type
Viscosity Effect
neutral
Impact on formula thickness
Ingredient Compatibility
Known Interactions
Casein precipitates at pH < 4.6. Citric acid beverages will cause immediate, irreversible curdling. Use plant protein or hydrolyzed whey for acidic drinks.
High concentrations of Citric Acid (pH < 3.5) can kill acid-sensitive probiotic strains (Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium) during shelf life. Use acid-resistant strains or enteric coating if combining.
Whey protein denatures and precipitates below pH 4.6 (its isoelectric point). Citric acid-based beverages at pH 3-4 will cause visible protein aggregation. Use hydrolyzed whey or plant protein for acidic beverages.
High Calcium + Citric Acid can form calcium citrate precipitate in beverages, causing cloudiness or sedimentation. Manageable with proper formulation (sequestrants, pH control), but test stability.
Sustainability Profile
Sustainability Score
Biodegradability
readily biodegradable
Source
fermentation
Feedstock
corn or sugar-based carbohydrates
Related Ingredients
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Quick Reference
- Full INCI Name
- Citric Acid, Aqua
- Common Name
- Citric Acid Solution
- Category
- ph adjusters